The Mickelson ExxonMobil 2010 Teachers Academy offers a five-day program designed to provide third- through fifth-grade teachers with knowledge and skills to motivate students to pursue careers in science and math.
Maximum award: all-expenses-paid, five-day program in July 2010 in Jersey City, NJ.
Eligibility: third- through fifth-grade teachers in the United States.
Deadline: October 31, 2009.
http://www.sendmyteacher.com/send_your_teacher.php

American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Foundation Classroom Grants are awarded to encourage excellence in educating students about math, science, technology, and engineering.
Eligibility: current AIAA Educator Associate or AIAA Professional members actively engaged as K-12 classroom educators.
Maximum Award: $200.
Deadline: N/A.
http://www.aiaa.org/content.cfm?pageid=244

The Actuarial Foundation - through its Advancing Student Achievement program - awards monetary grants to schools and groups throughout the United States and Canada. The basic requirement for schools or groups seeking funding is that they develop a viable mentoring program involving actuaries in the teaching of mathematics to children in private and public schools.
No deadlines
http://www.actuarialfoundation.org/grant/index.html

Dow Awards--by the Dow Chemical Company--awards grants to support proposed initiatives concentrating on math and science, teacher training, and parental involvement for K-12 school districts. School districts and school boards nationwide, as well as programs that promote systemic education reform in math and science, are eligible to apply. Special attention is given to school districts around communities where Dow is located.
Application Deadline: Varies
http://www.dow.com/about/corp/social/gen_fund.htm

The National Council of Teachers of Mathematics lists an array of Mathematics grants.  Check their web site for deadlines.
http://www.nctm.org/met.aspx?linkidentifier=id&itemid=198