Children are always fascinated by volcanoes. When Mt. St Helens recently erupted again in 2004, the children couldn't stop talking about it. This unit was created to motivate children to read, write, as well as be more engaged in the other curriculum areas through a variety of hands on activities.

This unit is a comprehensive learning experience. It not only teaches the children about the subject matter but it is a motivator to children who have difficulty learning the basic academics. The unit first teaches the children how to do research. The unit teaches the children to work corporatively in small groups.

It gives them the opportunity to work on their writing skills and to exercise speaking in front of a group. The project allowed the children to exercise their creative artistic abilities as well. The ultimate goal was achieved when the film was shown to other children and adults. The children whose self esteem was low had been raised to a new level.

There are three major hands-on activities in this unit. In the first activity the children construct different kinds of volcanoes out of clay. In the second activity the children simulate an eruption of a volcano through an experiment.
In the third activity the children make a movie incorporating what they have learned about volcanoes into an instructional film.

Objectives:

Students will:

•  Use the internet to gather information.

•  Understand the cause and effect of a volcanic eruption.

•  Conduct an experiment and record and analyze data.

•  Utilize technology through the medium of film to educate others.

Web sites:

http://volcano.und.nodak.edu

http://www.crayola.com

http://rockhoundingar.com/pebblepups/volcano.html

http://www.unitedstreaming.com

Day One:

What is a Volcano?

Objectives:   Students will:

•  build a functional vocabulary

•  understand cause and effect

•  retell an event in sequence.

Materials:    
          
Computers with Internet access
Volcano mini books
Assorted books on Volcanoes                                                                     

Books:  
                         
World Book Encyclopedia Presents Volcanoes (interactive CD-ROM and book)
Volcanoes by Seymour Simon
Hill of Fire by Thomas Lewis
Pompeii, The Day a City was Buried by Melanie and Christopher Rice.

Procedure:        

1 . Discuss with the children what they already know about volcanoes. Make a language experience chart. Go to the following web page: http://www.unitedstreaming.com. Show students the film " Volcanoes of Fire."

2. Give out the volcano mini-book . It is the pamphlet from http://www.crayola.com and read it with the students. Go over the vocabulary words. The students may color the labeled diagrams of the volcano.

3. Give the students more time to explore the web site http://www.volcano.und.nodak.edu. Library books on volcanoes can be available too. ( see list ). Look for articles on recent eruptions through newspaper  archives on the Internet.

Evaluation:              

Take one mini-book and increase the size of the pamphlet on a copier (poster size) of the three pages. Cover the words that label the parts of the volcano. Have the students come up to the front of the room and label the parts. Students can give book reports on the volcano books as well.

Building a Volcano

Objectives:    Students will:

•  Understand the difference between a Shield, Cone and Composite Volcano

•  Be able to work together effectively to create a specific kind of volcano.

Materials:  
Computer with internet access
Clay ( multiple colors)
Cardboard ( for base )
Plastic bottle

Procedure:   

1.  Let the students go to United Streaming.com and go to the film, "Volcano Mountains of Fire" movie scene - Types of Fire

2. After the students view the short film break up the class into three groups. Write the words composite, shield and cone on index cards. Let each group choose a card.   The group will then have to construct that type of volcano. Make sure each group is sure of what features distinguishes their type of volcano.

3. Hand out the clay, bottle and cardboard and let the children start work. There should be no more than 5 children in each group. (Give the children two class periods to complete the volcanoes.)

Evaluation:          
Have each group make a checklist from the definition of what makes up their kind of volcano. Let the students check out each others' volcanoes to see if it fits the criteria.

Volcano Eruption

Objectives:   Students will:

1. Identify the units of measurement used in this measurement

2. Successfully follow the sequence of steps in the experiment to show the   simulated eruption.

Materials:   
baking soda, vinegar, red or orange food coloring, water, measuring cups, tablespoons, washing detergent, tissue.

Procedure:

1. To get the recipe for making the experiment go to http://www.rockhoundingar.com/pebblepups/volcano.html

2. Before the experiment, the teacher reviews the units of measurement and has   the children practice measuring out the ingredients.

3. The children break up into two groups. One group reads the recipe for the volcano recipe exactly as written. The other group uses estimations rather than using the measurement tools.

4.  Students complete a worksheet and report their results.

Making a Volcano Movie

Objectives:   Students will:

1. Retell the volcano eruption through a series of student-drawn diagrams.

2. Help construct a storyboard of the "Volcano Recipe."

3. Perform the retelling sequence of the eruption and volcano recipe in front of a movie camera.

4. Assist in the editing of the volcano movie.


Materials:  
digital camera
digital movie camera
tripod
printer
movie editing program (iMovie)
all experiment materials from Day 2

Procedure:  

1. The students will work together in making a storyboard for the storyline for the movie.

2. Students take photos with the digital camera of each step in the volcano recipe.

3. Each child who has participated in the experiment is to recite his or part in the movie.

4. Other children are assigned jobs in setting up the set, assisting the teacher in filming, and holding cue cards when needed.

5. The children practice their parts for the film for one to two days (45 minutes each day). The dialogue is very short so students will not have much to memorize. Cue cards are used for those who have difficulty.   

6  It is important that the film is recorded in the correct sequence so students can comprehend the whole process.

7. Students can help in the editing of the movie by choosing music and special effects. They can also help in the typing of the titles and credits. iMovie has a tutorial program that helps the teacher edit the movie step-by-step. (iMovie is available for the Macintosh computer platform only)

8. The movie can be shown to other classes through out the school as an instructional film. It can also be showcased along with a bulletin board on the making of the film during parent teacher conferences.

Evaluation:           
Have the students write an essay on what they enjoyed about in making the movie.

1.   Students will read and comprehend informational materials.

2.   Students will prepare and deliver an individual presentation.

3.   Students will examine, describe, investigate and measure the effects of natural events such as volcanoes.